Flat parasitic worms are represented in our planet fauna, mainly the digetic saucers (cat and liver bicarry) and ribbons (bulls and pork, wide ribbon, echinococcus).
The diseases they cause are called helminthias.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by an osmosis rotating hole or their bodies.
A list of illnesses
Helmints caused by flat helmits are classified according to various signs - the method of infection, the number of owners, the forms of life, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 can be distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.Geo -gogelminthiasis worms are localized in the human body, which is the last master for them.
- Biogelmintosis,The fact is that parasites need an intermediate product outside the main (final) host.
- HienolepidosisOr otherwise infectious (contact) helminths in which parasites spread to person.From the human body, the parasites are ripe, ready for further invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of development, the pathogens classified:
- using the invasion method;
- by the very nature of the life of the external environment;
- According to the value occupied in human pathology.
Invasia with cestodes can occur in different ways through the skin, swallowing the worm eggs and biting the insect carrier.Migration of parasites is often accompanied by violation of the integrity of tissues and organs.
Important!Most often, the cestodes are localized in the stomach tract.But some types of helmink settled in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of certain types of helmints often bear concrete names.Here are some diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Teniaism is a disease that occurs during a bull chain infection.Invasia is characterized by highlighted toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tusiarinchosis belongs to biogelmintosis.That is, the bull's tapworm has a final (person) and intermediate host (cattle).The infection occurs in the human body of worms when the infected animal eats incorrectly cooked meat.The parasite is localized in the intestine, secured to the walls with a suction pitch, which at the same time damages the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarinchosis often continues without symptoms.But in the event of a serious injury, the following manifestations occur:
- Dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- bad appetite;
- abundant mucus;
- Severe sensation in epigastry;
- heartburn;
- vomit.
Teniosis is the Helminthiasis caused by the infection of the pig chain.This is characterized by damage to each organ (brain, eye) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, violation of the function of the central nervous system).
The pork -tape worm is a striptease worm that parasitizes a person in the small intestine.The parts of the body and the eggs selected during the bowel movements are consumed by pigs, which become the intermediate host of the tapworm.In addition to pigs, the latter has a role to play rabbit, dogs, rabbits, camels.Man is the only ultimate master of Helmin.
For information!It is not enough welded or fried pork barrel or dirty hands, if not used enough welded or fried pork barrels, it is possible.
The clinical picture of Tusias is similar to the manifestations of teniarinchosis, only pronounced better.People infected with chain can be in short -term fainting.In the complex form of tissue tissues and human organs, tapeworm eggs affect the formation of uninhabited larvae.Depending on the localization of the latter, severe violation of the heart and cerebral activity and vision (including total blindness) are possible.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by alveococcus and echinococcus tape worms.
Invasions develop with two owners:
- intermediate (omnivorous and flora threat, person) in which the shape of the Helmin is parasitized;
- Final (PS - scals, wolves, foxes) in which worms are adults.
Echinococcosis comes from animals, ie they are in the type of invasion of zoo.The infection occurs through eggs, vegetables, fruits, fruits.
The disease is manifested in 2 forms:
- one chamber (hydrate, cysticated);
- and multi -cambul echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is a process of formation of cysts (Finnish), which occurs in various organs - heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.It may be the formation of metastases similar to cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and number and localization of cysts.The affected organs are subjected to distrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasitic metabolic products cause toxic-allergic reactions.With the interruption of excess cysts, the anaphylactic shock cannot be excluded.
Hienolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf tapeworm - a relatively small Helmin when compared to other representatives of the class.
The tapeworm has a small head, neck and body divided into members.When its eggs enter the human body, they form in a larva that is fixed to the intestinal walls.The larvae are transformed into young people (Cystycecoids), which are intermediate between the larva and the adult Helmin.
Cystiscoid is a dwarf shade, very dangerous to the owner, as cysticemcoids can destroy the intestinal walls with inflammation and erosion.The human body responds to the defeat of anemia and signs of intoxication.
Eggs are laid on adults of tapeworm.When Helmin reaches a certain length, some members of the body break with eggs and go out with a stool.The other part remains in the gut and continues its life cycle.
Invasia of the dwarf chain drinks dirty water, using unwashed, gelmintus vegetables and fruits when they are confused with their hands with eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is manifested with the following main symptoms:
- Fast weight loss;
- pain in the stomach;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed according to the results of stool analysis.Treatment is carried out by synthetic drugs, and the doctor prescribes the dose and intake of the intake after examining the patient and studying the analytical data.
The main way to prevent infection is to keep cleanliness: frequent hand washing and showering, replacing clothes, and maintaining the bathroom with effective disinfectants.
Danger to people
Cestodes (hymenolepidosis, diphyllobotriosis, tusisis, cystycchosis, shadoworinchosis) are very dangerous diseases that lead to threatening lifetime complications.
It's worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthiasis may be different depending on the systems and organs affected by the worms and the degree of infection.Damage to the central nervous system, behavior inadequacy, paralysis, epileptic seizures, hyperactivity can occur.The patient may experience headaches and dizziness, weakness, and insomnia.
Allergic reactions are often found in the form of quinke edema, urticaria or food allergy.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, crowded stupid or sharp pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis may develop.The result of violation of the functionality of the stomach tract is usually sharp weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypochrome anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is primarily reduced to comply with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, participation in an environment where helmin eggs are common.The proper heat treatment of meat and other products is no less important for the prevention of invasion.
The main recommendations of prevention are:
- Be sure to wash your hands when you return from the street before meals, after the reference of natural needs.
- Eat only clean, well washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only cooked or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain parasite eggs, not to mention that it is non -filtering from water supply.
- Avoid too closely with pets - do not let go of bed or kiss.Regularly check our "smaller brothers" helmints and contact a veterinary clinic if necessary.
- Wash the bedding more often and stroke lingerie, especially the baby.
- Maintains your immunity at the right level.This allows the body to cope with Helminthias alone.
- In the presence of circumstances that cause the risk of increased infection (business travel or tourism travel to exotic countries, remain in groups where invasion is high) use preventive intake of antigelmine.But this should be done up to twice a year, with a must consult with the doctor.
If the infection has occurred, the medicines are prescribed separately by the doctor.These are usually tablet medicines.In more severe cases, injections, drops, irradiation are used.
Traditional medicine tools, with proper use, are also effective in fighting helminthians.